In April 2000, the participants of the World Education
Forum in Dakar, Senegal, adopted the Dakar Framework
for Action “Education for All: Meeting our Collective
Commitment”1. They reaffirmed the vision of the World
Declaration on Education for All2 adopted ten years earlier
(Jomtien, Thailand, 1990) and committed to the attainment
of six goals, supported by 12 strategies, in order to meet
the basic learning needs of all children, youth and adults.
In September 2000, world leaders came together at the
United Nations (UN) Headquarters in New York to adopt
the UN Millennium Declaration, committing to reduce
extreme poverty and setting out a series of targets that have
become known as the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). The MDGs included two goals related to universal
primary education and to gender equality in education,
acknowledging the pivotal role of education in human
development.
Today, it is widely recognized that the Education for
All (EFA) agenda and the related MDGs have led
to significant advances for the right to education.
The mobilization and investment which they triggered has
yielded unprecedented progress, notably in access to
formal schooling and in gender parity in primary education.
However, major education challenges still persist in all
countries and regions of the world. Some of them – notably
equity, quality and learning opportunities for youth and
adults – have not received the attention they deserve and
new ones have emerged since 2000, such as the need to
improve the development of relevant skills for life and for
work, for all age groups.
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