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[ Literature ] [ E-books ] [ Politics ] [ Science ] [ Religion ]

File: 4884b7c35dd935b⋯.jpg (126.25 KB,1200x675,16:9,IMG_5973.JPG)

970fcd No.4879 [Open thread]

How do you want to spend your last hours? Two of my family members died right after watching the news which I find pathetic waste of your last hours. Now I know when you're that old and sick you're just waiting to die so you might as well keep your old routine, but gathering information from the media when you're about to die is pointless. Since people are usually very accomodating of you and will try to listen to you, shouldn't your last minutes be teaching people about philosophy like Socrates did, or at least tell them stories from your life even though you may slide into incomprehensible delirium? Pic unrelated.

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820b24 No.5124

Dying from old age is stupid. I'll die bungee jumping or skydiving or too much salvia or some other fucked up shit

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fa9cbd No.5126

YouTube embed. Click thumbnail to play.

>>5124

I would rather die like this if I could, or like Socrates and become a hero.

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3896bb No.5127

Old age, surrounded by a family who loved and appreciated me.

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2930f9 No.5146

Working to be honest.

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10c391 No.5295

>>4879

>gather information from the news

kek

News is not for education.

Fact is your family members probably wasted their entire lives, not just the bits before they died. They reproduced for the sake of reproducing, which is done for the sake of having reproduced.

If they were anything other than complicated-looking bacteria they would have thought about what they were doing and changed their behaviour when their incentives changed.

For normies, thinking is a 'not even once' sort of thing.

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File: 1414278661880.jpg (4.62 KB,218x232,109:116,J Bentham.jpg)

3cfe77 No.349 [Open thread]

Committed Utilitarian here. Want to know your opinions. A good debate would also be welcome.
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88b92e No.5132

How is the long-run factored into these conclusions? If killing off all minority populations to create an ethnically homogenized society resulted in the long-run nullification of ethnic conflict or power struggles, since this would essentially create an infinite amount of utility and happiness since it continues to generate results far into the future, is it therefore worth a single short-term avalanche of sorrow and a massive loss of utility?

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88b92e No.5133

>>1669

Very myopic of you to consider that position as solely contrarian. As a Stoicist, I have to ask you, what if suffering is required to build character or to do good in this world? If you abandon all principle in pursuit of your happiness, what separates you from canal hedonists?

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88b92e No.5134

>>4892

"Of course not"

You presume too much. If a doctor makes one mistake in their entire career, then yes there will be consequences for that mistake, but nothing compared to the consequences facing a doctor who makes frequent or aggravating mistakes.

The task we are given as humans in society is to attempt to foresee the consequences of our actions and to make our decisions based on the expected consequences. Someone's inevitably going to make a mistake because they failed to foresee the negative consequences of their choice. They will be punished in despite of their good intentions, because otherwise there would be no incentive to anticipate possible negative consequences.

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05104f No.5140

>>5093

Do you start firing every surgeon who makes a mistake?

Of course not, the consequences of doing that would result in increased death and suffering. or are you forgetting that the punishment itself must also not increase suffering? Firing an incompetent doctor may very well save lives, just as firing a competent but unlucky doctor will result in more people dying.

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e5ccf9 No.5296

Moral nihilism obtains. Consequentialism is in contradiction with the structure of logic.

Even if it wasn't, it's identical to both deontology and virtue ethics, because you can define the 'good' consequence however you like. Rather than material consequences, you can define it as following a rule, or as having embodied a virtue, and voila you've re-created the other systems within consequentialism.

Similarly, consequentialism as a deontology:

The rule is to obtain the best material end state.

Consequentialism as virtue ethics:

The virtue is to always seek the best material end state.

Naturally deontology and virtue ethics are also identical.

>>431

>Morally, you may have a point, but practically, one cannot simply wave away all ills committed with the best of intentions with a "poor feller didn't mean any harm."

Amazing true fact: people lie. If your intentions can excuse your actions, guess what people will do.

>>1667

Happiness is a sensation which is good by definition. If it's not good, it's not happiness.

Suffering is the set of sensations that are bad by definition. If it's not bad, it's not suffering. E.g. workout pain is not suffering. A good itch-scratching scratch is not suffering.

You can argue these things exist or don't exist, but definitions don't need justification. They just are. They just be.

>>5133

You can also argue that suffering is a pathway to happiness. Again, this is entirely orthogonal to justification.

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File: 05ff21fb3d2d391⋯.jpg (625.42 KB,2400x1800,4:3,1470065581597.jpg)

3f878a No.5087 [Open thread]

So I only got enough money for probably 2-3 books but my list is more, help me decide which 2-3 I should get?

Platos Rep*

Misopogon*

Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers*

Illiad

Odyssey

Sayings and Anecdotes*

Democracy the God that failed*

Meditations*

Metaphysics or Rhetoric- Aristotle*

Iron Kingdon: Rise & Downfall of Prussia*

The Portable Machiavelli

* Denotes that I want it greatly

If anyone knows some good treatises or books on cynicism/ stoicism, epistemology- please recommend me whatever you advise. I'm looking for an engaging read so thanks for any recommendations provided.

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3f878a No.5088

The Iliad is really boring, and I don't recommend it.

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0aaa68 No.5091

>>5087

Save your money, download them for free, i inherited an entire library from my grandfather and i mostly read on my laptop, books are hard to carry around and they get mouldy, its better to read from paper though, but not worthed the money if you are "poor".

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f73a10 No.5095

>>5091

> i inherited an entire library from my grandfather and i mostly read on my laptop

Your grandfather was hip and tech-savy, but reading books on a screen fucks with my eyes after a while.

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ebf222 No.5112

>>5087

A fairly pointless exercise, given we know nothing about you and your degrees of interest or what you intend to do with any input you may gain from these works.

that said, Aristotle's metaphysics is a book very much worth reading. Definitely more so than Machiavelli and Homer (even if you are 'only' looking for literary achievements).

Also, for what it's worth, I personally like reading compilations of different viewpoints, so your third book is probably what I would go for.

I'm curious to hear which you chose, if indeed you chose at all.

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a65da7 No.5297

Spend less time reading and more time thinking about what you've read. You'll find you didn't really understand it, at which point you'll grok how much you can learn without spending money.

At least spend more time hanging around in libraries.

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File: 48dd549a51c744b⋯.jpg (108.19 KB,734x960,367:480,C_CBuxOUwAA_zDn.jpg)

c4d916 No.5096 [Open thread]

Don't do it. Be selfish.

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c9b6f0 No.5111

Never saw this before. It's horrifying to consider people actually think this way. Blatantly misogynistic as well, loath as I am to use that term.

And I'm aware it's a shitpost. Doesn't mean it's not founded on some people's honest thoughts.

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fffd52 No.5130

If I didn't have a sister who spit on everything my parents and grandparents ever did for her, I'd have a problem with this.

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9d7c2d No.5149

Good Point!

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f5669d No.5156

This is actually true, if only because of how sexually depraved society has become.

If a daughter doesn't have sex until marriage, and she has her parents blessings for said marriage, then the father is not a cuck.

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e2e0c7 No.5298

Well, novel at least. Utterly moronic, but novel.

Cuckoldry isn't about sex. It's about reproduction. The point of the cuck isn't that they don't get to fuck their wife. The point is their genes die out, and they spend time and money spreading someone else's. Daughters getting fucked is the very opposite of your genes not being spread.

There's a little bit of incel in the definition of cuck.

>have daughters

>not incel

Novel, but dumbfoundingly stupid. A Babelonian-tier monument to idiocy.

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File: eab80d7c028e559⋯.webm (2.36 MB,720x480,3:2,1e6a0cbfed3f2aa480a51e8d4….webm)

8221f3 No.5078 [Open thread]

Does /philosopy/ take Nietzsche seriously?

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File: 49030a85162dd3d⋯.jpg (85.67 KB,600x627,200:209,Psyops.jpg)

47d19c No.5059 [Open thread]

Is there anything you feel as if people NEED to know in order to be free people?

People seem to have latched into the idea that only thing that they need to be free is not to have chains in their hands, but other groups, such as the old medieval liberal arts, believed that you needed knowledge of grammar, logic and rhetoric to be a free man(amongst four other things, but that's just arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy).

I was just curious, is there someone else who has any strong opinions on this? I am really curious about any other philosopher who has spoken out, since it seems like a important topic.

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47d19c No.5064

File: b8bd29d99bfba80⋯.jpg (125.93 KB,480x608,15:19,1470977992232.jpg)

Cynicism and existencialism both focus pretty strongly on this, with varying degrees of cheap cop-out answers and the more subsantial ones have been mocked into being considered "egdy". But the (very superficial summary) goes something like:

Cynicism: The goal of life is eudaimonia and mental clarity or lucidity (ἁτυφια) - freedom from smoke (τύφος) which signified ignorance, mindlessness, folly, and conceit.

Kierkgarrd: We can only be truly free in God (his arguments are pretty decent but I can't help feel he just found a "cheat" freedom because there is nowhere to go from there, therefore there is no choice and only in the whole immutable perfection there is freedom)

Sartre: Your freedom lies in your choices no matter how deterministicaly confined they are (existing as a mammal and thus having chemical feelings for instance), even a man coerced has the option to face his inevitable demise should he truly chose it, therefore man is always as free as he can be yet blames all else for his choice and finds comfort in being unfree, this is what he means by acting in bad faith.

Nietzsche: pretty much pic related with a more tangible resolution, man is free when his will is absolute. Like a dancing childlike god-quasar. So pretty much after we defeat the anti-spirals and take on pretty much the universe itself, but even he admitted that we would pretty much just be dust in the wind because it would be impossible even if all mankind nutted up to it let alone if we are all normies by nature (disputable).

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47d19c No.5065

>>5059

And for your first question, I would say that people should think there are two kinds of freedom, to be free from and to be free in.

Think about buddhist abnegation as in to be free from this world and desires (Will>will).

Think about a little kid in a toy store he owns, he can play with whatever he likes. (will>Will)

It even applies to reason, when you are humbled by not knowing something although you learned (Will>will), when you get a theory down and it seems you have sucessfuly studied the natural (will>Will)

So man can be free in varying degrees and different ways, but can only be absolutely free when (will=Will), which is only feasible when man is an adaptable platform, ever evolving, ever optimizing, never content until the very epitome is achieved. So I think we'll just end up creating a fucking sentient being to do it because we are too busy sending outraged tweets and starving to death.

tl;dr: Just do your best and tell people to do it as well, it's the least and the most we can do.Or make a rogue AI, it's all the same in the end.

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File: 1765b9c11a72cf7⋯.png (3.12 MB,1916x990,958:495,Screen Shot 2017-03-19 at ….png)

e34a25 No.5063 [Open thread]

📃🤔🎯🎓

☦️

📯⚰🚸🇬🇷

☦️🎇☦️🎆

☦️🎯🤔♻️

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File: 4b940658fa4394e⋯.jpg (108.02 KB,560x850,56:85,a3a00b5cfd327ee41e9b42e395….jpg)

c0aefb No.5013 [Open thread]

Does intelligence correlate with critical thinking? Is it reasonable to think people who believe in stupid ideas due to poor critical thinking skills are stupid?

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c0aefb No.5014

2x yes

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c0aefb No.5022

No, it's not reasonable that someone who holds a stupid opinion is stupid. An idea isn't merely a product of the mind, but also of the amount of information available and also of how much energy people wish to employ in it. These two factors confound the direct effect of intelligence on an idea.

Alchemists, for instance, had a crude conception of chemical processes. But at the same time, because they had only crude tools to work with (glass was expensive and improper for experiments, substances were often filled with impurities, recipes weren't clear) the data they were fed back from chemical experiments didn't warrant any more sophisticated theory.

As another example, consider an specialist. Specialist often have very little knowledge of any area besides their narrow field of interest, yet that has nothing to do with their intelligence. Being smart doesn't prevent someone from being an idiot when it comes to another field.

As for "critical thinking", I don't know what that expression means or refers to and I'm not sure whether or not whatever it refers to is a skill or not.

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c0aefb No.5037

>>5022

Both questions were centered around the notion of critical thinking. Unless you're saying that specialists or intelligent people with subpar means at their disposal reaching conclusions is an example of forming 'stupid' ideas *because* of poor critical thinking, you haven't answered the questions.

>>5013

there are generally two reasons why someone doesn't apply critical thinking (I'm assuming you mean this in the sense of 'being non-dogmatic as well as attempting to form opinions while being as informed on the topic as reasonably possible' - do specify if you are thinking of something else). One is a simple lack of resources, which is mostly either time or energy, and another is the outright incapability of doing so.

In both cases, when you form opinions as a result of trusting the authority of someone you percieve as competent and worthy of your trust, I do not think that it is fair to call the people in question stupid, even if, to you, their trust in these particular people may seem particularly badly misplaced.

But I would agree with you that, should they have arrived at their opinions on their own, without having the ability or invested the resources to investigate it thoroughly, while *also* holding on to their opinion *as if* they had foolproof reasons to do so, are deceiving themselves either willingly or unwittingly. the latter I would consider stupid, since I have no other word for people who feel unjustifiably competent regarding a matter, in which they know full well they have invested little to no effort, but nonetheless fail to notice their feeling of certainty is unfounded. the prior group is more willfully ignorant or obtuse than stupid, but I have no problem with people like >>5014 calling them 'stupid' for that.

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f332d5 No.5300

Lots of smart folk don't profess any smart ideas.

The human brain should be Turing complete. The only question is how long it takes for a particular specimen to think critically. It's probably not worthwhile for sub-150 IQs to attempt to think critically, because even if they try full time, they won't learn how until middle age, and then they hardly have time to actually apply the method to anything significant.

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File: d973ac737fc9218⋯.gif (1.81 MB,387x291,129:97,qCJWrDL.gif)

b207d0 No.5031 [Open thread]

How the fuck hasn't the Krusty Krab been closed down by the fucking Sanitation Department like what the fuck Bikini Bottom are you just going to allow this mother fucker to fuck the town over like he has been doing. Open your fucking gills you retarded fish do you even know what goes on at that fucking kitchen. How has this restaurant not been shut the fuck down holy shit fuck Bikini Bottom what a shithole. This has been a letter to the good people at the BBHD to shut this motherfucking place down

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b207d0 No.5036

you'd be suprise :^)

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b79909 No.5301

If the customers can't work out they're being fucked over then they deserve to be fucked over.

Assuming you're not some callous altruist who is only pretending to want to help (99% likelihood) then all you're doing by getting 'Sanitation' involved is enabling their gullibility. Now, instead of being fucked over by the relatively limited Krusty Krab, they'll be fucked over by 'Sanitation' as soon as regulatory capture runs to completion. Good work asshole, die in a fire.

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File: 04319e3257ac321⋯.jpg (36.55 KB,600x300,2:1,voltaire 3.jpg)

789c96 No.4999 [Open thread]

I want to read Voltaire

Which book would you recommend for a good reader but beginner in philosophy

I want to read him he seems to line up with my views very well,

Thanks

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789c96 No.5012

His writing and works aren't anything extremely complex or hard to understand so just choose whatever. I would only spend like 20 min pre reading.

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789c96 No.5026

Start with Candide, then read his treaties and other writings, not difficult imo

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File: 79bf90c4a93b785⋯.png (40.17 KB,510x530,51:53,1470517982407-1.png)

1467cb No.5007 [Open thread]

I've tried to find both "The First Philosophers" and "The Pythagorean Sourcebook" but for fuck sakes its not online at all, unlike other works form non-greeks.

I know I'm missing important things like their dialogs in first place but some things just can't be done.

Why am I being forced to use a flag jesus fuck I'm not even a existentialist

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1467cb No.5017

>>5007

I've just started with the Greeks and it's pretty comfy tbh. Start with Plato's dialogues, the easy ones first.

http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/plato/index.htm

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1467cb No.5019

A post form this thread is gone already

Like tears int he wind

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17c75c No.5303

Almost everything good from the greeks is still floating around, as that's what being influential means. Have to figure out how to filter it out, though, and I don't know how hard that would be for you.

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File: 63e4c223775bae6⋯.jpg (27.49 KB,232x321,232:321,DSC01027.jpg)

8957eb No.4994 [Open thread]

stop barking

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d417cf No.5302

Okay.

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d417cf No.5429

No, you stop barking.

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File: e33f6cded70e8fc⋯.jpg (111.71 KB,419x604,419:604,osho.jpg)

031019 No.4982 [Open thread]

Start fucking

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031019 No.4985

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031019 No.4989

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031019 No.4990

>>4982

i cant i have phimosis

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736cda No.5304

Pass.

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736cda No.5430

Since OP is a faggot, he's probably looking for a top. Who's thirsty enough to top for a faggot?

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File: bc611b936b0af29⋯.jpg (42.14 KB,500x488,125:122,memefarmer.jpg)

4b8fbc No.4983 [Open thread]

In his 1962 work, "The Savage Mind", Claude Lévi-Strauss lays out the dichotomy of the bricoleur and the engineer. A bricoleur is one who practices bricolage, which is a sort of improvisation; bricoleurs 'tinker', they creatively use whatever tools and materials are at hand to complete various odd jobs as they arise. For Lévi-Strauss, the bricoleur has the 'savage mind' and engages in mythological thinking, while the engineer has the 'scientific mind' and engages in scientific thinking. What we're talking about here is different ways of creating and disseminating meaning through the manipulation of signs. Quoting Lévi-Strauss:

>"The 'bricoleur' is adept at performing a large number of diverse tasks; but unlike the engineer, he does not subordinate each of them to the availability of raw materials and tools conceived and procured for the purpose of the project. His universe of instruments is closed and the rules of his game are always to make do with 'whatever is at hand', that is to say with a set of tools and materials which is always finite and is also heterogeneous because what it contains bears no relation to the current project, or indeed to any particular project, but is the contingent result of all the occasions there have been to renew or enrich the stock or to maintain it with the remains of previous constructions or destructions. The set of the 'bricoleur's' means cannot therefore be defined in terms of a project. It is to be defined only by its potential use or, putting this another way and in the language of the bricoleur himself, because the elements are collected or retained on the principle that they may always come in handy. Such elements are specialized up to a point, sufficiently for the bricoleur not to need the equipment and knowledge of all trades and professions, but not enough for each of them to have only one definite and determinate use. They each represent a set of actual and possible relations; they are 'operators' but they can be used for any operations of the same type."

Furthermore:

>"Mythical thought, that bricoleur, builds up structures by fitting together events, or rather the remains of events, while science, 'in operation' simply by virtue of coming into being, creates its means and results in the forPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

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4b8fbc No.4984

>>4983

Now, in "Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences", Derrida criticizes Lévi-Strauss' notion of the engineer, arguing that the engineer must actually be a myth of the bricoleur, another bricoleur himself in fact, as no individual can be the absolute origin of their own discourse. And furthermore, the bricoleur gains its meaning through its difference with the impossibility of the engineer. Whereas Lévi-Strauss argued that neither the bricoleur nor the engineer necessarily supersedes the other, Derrida argued that there are only bricoleurs. But this is orthogonal to the subject at hand, which is memes.

Memes have become an internet cultural phenomenon, lately bleeding over into real life. Some people refer to 2016 election as the "Great Meme War", and a presidential candidate even referenced certain memes in a high-profile speech. There even exists a veritable encyclopedia of memes along with numerous sites that simplify the creation of memes. There are even memes about being a 'meme farmer', which sounds a lot like being a bricoleur.

In fact, the very term 'meme', coined by Richard Dawkins in the 1976 book, "The Selfish Gene", was, as he explains himself, 'hijacked', and that while the original idea meant a random mutation spread by a form of Darwinian selection, 'internet memes' are altered deliberately by human creativity. The 'bricoleurs' repurposed the scientific concept of 'meme' for the mythological concept of 'internet meme', and thereby became 'meme farmers'.

How does a meme farmer tend to her memes? She maintains a collection of images and videos, characters, situations, reactions, concepts, tropes, one-liners, quotes, references, symbols, etc. She plays with them; she mixes and matches different elements until she creates a rearrangement relevant to whatever happens to be her subject of interest. Different elements applied to different structures relevant to different events.

Now lets looks at Lévi-Strauss' explication of the work of the bricoleur:

>"The elements ofPost too long. Click here to view the full text.

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File: 82b5ee23fb8be7f⋯.jpeg (12.35 KB,200x230,20:23,H_E_R_D_E_R.jpeg)

72e068 No.4969 [Open thread]

A reflection of physical surroundings? A tool to orient oneself among peers? Who explained it best?

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72e068 No.4971

culture are the things that oppose nature

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72e068 No.4973

File: eefd98a33c55ddf⋯.png (11.9 KB,1123x71,1123:71,goethe.png)

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72e068 No.4974

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be003f No.5305

Humans have a lot of options for how they'll live their lives.

Culture is a group which all make the same decisions. So, as a stupid example, one can choose to admit lots of foreigners or none at all. The first culture will develop means of dealing with contrasting belief systems in an orderly fashion, and will shy away from institutions that require homogenous beliefs. The second culture will have lots of institutions that require homogeneity, but will have simple, crude methods for dealing with heterogeneity.

Hunter tribes don't need psychologists because their lifestyle doesn't put great strain on the human mind. City tribes need a plethora of support systems for the mind, because humans are maladapted for the city environment.

For less stupid examples, there's more than one way to organize a city. Different cultures can choose different, incompatible ways, and still end up with a thriving city as long as their decisions are relatively consistent.

Culture is a conflated thing. Cultures develop, or previously had, a particular character. One can see the character puts a bias on how these decisions are made. It also affects the character of the culture's art. Similarly, the art's themes will be applicable to the relevancies of the culture - decisions to still be made, or difficulties the culture has in living up to its own decisions. But, strictly speaking, the set of life decisions is a different thing than the arts a social group creates.

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