Figure MG-6. TRPV1-AuNR and integrins-AuNR systems. (a) Antibody functionalization of gold nanorods using biotin-PEG, streptavidin, and biotinylated anti-His6 antibody. For RGD functionalized AuNR, biotinylated RGD peptide was used in place of biotinylated antibody. (b) The anti-His6 antibody functionalized AuNR is conjugated to the His6-tag on the TRPV1 channel. When subjected to NIR light, the nanoparticle activates the channel and causes it to open. This results in calcium ion flux into the cell and the subsequent fluorescence of Fluo-4 AM. (c) The RGD peptide functionalized AuNR is conjugated to integrins on the cell surface. When subjected to NIR light, the nanoparticle likely polarizes the cell membrane, resulting in calcium ion flux into the cell and the subsequent expression of a calcium-promoted gene.
Figure47
Figure MG-7. Response to NIR light stimulation of functionalized AuNRs on HEK-293T cells. Comparison of the Fluo-4 AM signal after NIR treatment of NR720 functionalized with either anti-His6 or RGD peptide at 0.8, 1.5, and 4.0 W·cm-2. Anti-His6 antibody AuNRs produced fluorescence in HEK-293T cells above a threshold of ~ 1.0 W·cm-2 while RGD peptide AuNRs showed substantial fluorescence even at 0.8 W·cm-2.
References
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S.A. Stanley, J. Sauer, R.S. Kane, J.S. Dordick, and J.M. Friedman (2015), “Remote regulation of glucose homeostasis in mice using genetically encoded nanoparticles,” Nat. Medicine 21, 92-98.
S.A. Stanley, L. Kelly, K.N. Latcha, S.F. Schmidt, X. Yu, A.R. Nectow, J. Sauer, J.P. Dyke, J.S. Dordick, and J.M. Friedman (2016), “Bidirectional electromagnetic control of the hypothalamus regulates feeding and metabolism,” Nature 531, 647-650.
S.P. Sanchez-Rodriguez, J.P. Sauer, S.A. Stanley, X. Qian, A. Gottesdiener, J.M. Friedman, and J.S. Dordick (2016), “Plasmonic activation of gold nanorods for remote stimulation of calcium signaling and protein expression in HEK 293T cells,” Biotechnol. Bioeng. 113, 2228-2240.
Please note that these power ranges are easily achieved by cell towers.