>>14712
This is a hard one but I've always understood Orlag to be the concept of time.
Orlog was there before the gods and it will outlast everything else. Time is both unchangeable and changeable, the past is the past and you can't do anything to change it but the present and future can be changed by your actions, other people's actions and luck/destiny.
(I'll explain what I mean with luck/destiny, in quantum theory in the 4th dimension (time) when you throw a d6 you have 6 possible outcomes, you create 6 new timelines. You will fall in one of these 6 timelines by chance. If you believe in destiny the side it falls on when you throw a dice at that particular moment and place in time is always the same.)
Wyrd is your own personal thread in this time, your personal part of the orlog. Like the rest of the orlog the wyrd is also influenced by choices and luck/destiny but unlike orlog your personal wyrd isn't infinite, there are 2 things you can never change. Life and death.
This is one of the main reasons why cowardice was so looked down upon, if it is the day you are supposed to die nothing will prevent your death but you can change how it happens, from an arrow in the back while running away or from a sword in the front from honorable combat.
It's also one of the most important themes of the sagas, the birth of the Gods and Ragnarok, their inevitable end. The Gods know how they are going to die but still continue the struggle against their wyrd instead of cowering before it.
Hamingja is more difficult for me.
Some say Hamingja is just luck, but I don't believe in luck.
Others say Hamingja is more like karma but for your entire bloodline (and for those that believe in reincarnation it also acts just like regular karma). I like that explanation, it wouldn't surprise me if Hamingja and karma share the same indo-European origin.
If you take it back to Orlog it would be the actions you make influencing the Orlog this results in individual wyrds getting entangled.
These entanglements can be good or bad and there can be a very long time in between seeing the consequences (your actions can have good or bad results for your grandchildren's grandchildren).
Magan I have no idea about, it's not a concept I see a lot.
From what I can tell it's basically the lifeforce of a person. Maybe like the breath of life Odin gave to Ask and Embla.
TLDR. I look at it like this:
The Norns (past, present and future) weave Orlog (Time) using the Wyrd (individual lives). They make knots (individual wyrds touching) to create patterns (Hamingja) on this tapestry.