I'm not sure how much of a supporter of l'Ancien Regime I am, as I think it's more of one particular characteristic of it that I appreciate, but I'll try giving it a go in case the other users are dead. Speaking of that one characteristic, I'm not sure how well your questions really capture what I view as the important central point. But I hope it was at least captured in the second question.
>1) Name/Type (Your flag)
Ancien Regime
>2) Description (ideally)
The key component that I appreciate about l'Ancien Regime was that it was the peak expression of the integration of social evolution with political evolution (c.f. attached video). So that, at the time of it's heyday, it was a form in which tradition was encoded in the very form of government, which correspondingly gave a form of government that locked step between political development and social or cultural development in a very organic and rather natural form through the institutional Estate embodied by the Church.
It's this organic development in governmental institutional structures that I feel in so lacking in the current political environment. Instead, many governmental institutions are either dictated by fiat or one central body of men. I defer to Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France for more detail of this view.
I'm afraid this is probably going to piss you off, because this position is so vague and tenuous so as to not hold well in debate and not really follow what the Ancien Regime might have really been in many others' eyes, but if it makes you feel better, I am willing to concede that "This is not True Ancien Regime," if it so pleases you.
>3) Is this a classed system? What are they and who inhabits these classes? What are the duties of the classes?
Yes. Traditionally speaking political power rested in three classes or estates: the King, the Nobility, and the Church.
>4) Benefits of your supported system
Integration of social norms into political structures, as opposed to vice versa.
>5) Problems with your supported system
Dissociation. Should the institutional structures of the Church not force it to actively change to properly reflect and incorporate the proper social order, then people leave the Church because it is not, then the organically developed system of checks and balances falls apart.
>Then you must optimally resolve the following issues under and according to your supported system: (Note you are not necessarily the king but can describe what the king, magistrate, governor, or constable/policeman would do in such a situation to resolve said issue.
>1)/2) Criminal or Civil Dispute.
A matter of common law.
If the point of law involves a matter of succession, following traditional Salic Law (many times this usually the noble would win if the merchant or commoner did not incorporate his trusts properly).
But otherwise, ideally a trail of common law born from traditional Justinian Law judged by a Seneschal–a member of the aristocracy appointed by the King.
>3)/4)
A matter to be decided by the King and his Court.
>5) (in this scenario) you are king, but currently your reputation is mud. How do you resolve this?
Cardinal Richelieu it up.
>6) The crown needs money, how is it raised?
Taxing the commoners, exchanging favors for money with the aristocracy, selling lands to the clergy, or exhorting tariffs on His Majesty's borders.
>7) Private citizens are carrying arms, and their purpose is ambiguous. What, if anything, is done?
Common law will evolve to contain it if it is an issue.
>8) The number of unemployed poor is rising due to the prevalence of either slave labor or some kind of labor reducing technology. What, if anything, is done to resolve this poverty and starvation?
A matter of the Church.
>9) The king has proven himself an ineffective ruler, what is done about this?
The Church begins to revoke bits of His authority.
>10) Your country is beautiful and many foreign people wish to come and see it as tourists. How is this handled, if at all?
Pilgrimage is an old and permitted activity.
>11) You discover jews in the land, what is done about this?
They would be required to convert. Religious homogeneity is a prerequisite of having an effective Church Estate.