Yes, it does. Sunni esoterism is called tasawwuf, but in the West it is usually called sufism, like >>41863 said. Twelvers have Irfan.
It is worth noting that esoterism and exoterism are not mutually excludent, but are complementary, which means that the mutasawwuf (the initiate) must still follow sharia and must observe the same principles every other muslim has to. Esoterism is not a different "sect", but just another aspect of Islam.
Are you a muslim, anon? Or are you just curious about it?