>>541227
Good reads here:http://canonlawmadeeasy.com/2013/09/26/what-can-and-cant-a-deacon-do/
http://canonlawmadeeasy.com/2014/10/16/can-a-deacon-ever-get-married/
Now, what do you mean by career?
If you mean that permament deacon can make "side-job" career, outside of clergy, then yes, he is able to do it.
If you mean that permament deacon can marry (terrible choice of word then), then is techincally "no" but Holy See may grant dispension though it's rare and conditions are slim.
If you mean that permament deacon can be ordinated to presbyteriate (even more terrible choice of words) then it depends. If he was never married or was married and his wife died then yes. If he is however married then no. Maybe if he transisted to eastern rite church, then maybe, but I don't know. Probably not.
I spoke about permament deacons, for transitional ones are always going to end up priests so it's obvious.
>>541561
RCIA takes a year max, seminary is 5 years, then at least half of a year in diaconate and then like two hours of ordination liturgy.