>>14042180
The trick is that you create those sets of 4x4 tiles, and the map indexes point to those sets instead of the individual tiles.
You lose a bit of the freedom of edition etc, but well, the map itself gets 16 times smaller.
On the video, he uses 24KB of memory for the raw 1x1 tile map, but if he used this compression, and used for example 256 clusters, the cluster list itself would use 4KB (16x256), but the map would be shrunk down to 6KB, thus getting the map down from 24 to 10KB
Many oldschool games like mega man use this very trick.