/fit/ - Fitness, Health, Exercise, Dieting, etc

My eyesight has improved since I changed my diet. I hope to give you some scientific research and other information later.

>>141492

Some nutrients, environments, hormones, and various endogenously produced compounds I have seen show that their deficiency results in myopia. It is not necessarily the case that the supplementation of these things will reverse myopia even though their absence causes the condition. However, it is often the case that it simply isn't known if they can heal the condition after it develops, so a prudent investigator may be obliged to try a wide range of treatments regardless provided they are safe and practical options. I don't think it is the case that the visual acuity of the eye is static, and not only is it capable of degenerating but also improving. I have seen such improvement in my own case and in various anecdotes, so I take it as a sign that hopelessness isn't necessary.

The first things that comes to mind is riboflavin (vitamin B2) and sunlight exposure (UV A in this case) which are actually used in certain treatments. If you go this route I recommend using the bulk, pure powder form of riboflavin to achieve high but sane doses unachievable naturally as a short term therapy in order to saturate your tissues, as excess is generally safely excreted in urine (as with most B vitamins). I have taken 200-400 mg at time with no adverse side effects, but if you ever find doses used in studies, they may be of interest. The following studies may use specially selected UV A emitting devices whose function may be difficult to replicate with incidental sunlight exposure, but riboflavin treatment should be cheap and easy to do at home. It seems worth trying just for the hell of it.

>>141495

Wang, Mengmeng, et al. Regional biomechanical properties of human sclera after cross-linking by riboflavin/ultraviolet A. Journal of Refractive Surgery 28.10 (2012): 723-728.

https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20120921-08

>Equatorial scleral CXL may be a good choice for the treatment of progressive myopia. Because of its safety and efficacy, 20 minutes of riboflavin infiltration before CXL is recommended.

Coskunseven, Efekan, Mirko R. Jankov II, and Farhad Hafezi. Contralateral eye study of corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and UVA irradiation in patients with keratoconus. Journal of refractive surgery 25.4 (2009): 371-376.

https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20090401-02

>The group treated with collagen cross-linking demonstrated a mean decrease (less myopic) in spherical equivalent refraction and cylinder of 1.03±2.22 diopters (D)

Choi, Samjin, et al. Structural response of human corneal and scleral tissues to collagen cross-linking treatment with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light. Lasers in medical science 28.5 '(2013): 1289-1296.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-012-1237-6

>Collagen cross-linking treatment through riboflavin-sensitized photoreaction may cause structural property changes in the collagen fibril network of the cornea and sclera due to stromal edema and interfibrillar spacing narrowing. These changes were particularly prominent in the sclera. This technique can be used to treat progressive keratoconus in the cornea as well as progressive myopia in the sclera. Long-term collagen cross-linking treatment of keratoconic and myopic progression dramatically improves weakened corneo-scleral tissues.

Wollensak, Gregor, Eberhard Spoerl, and Theo Seiler. Stress-strain measurements of human and porcine corneas after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A-induced cross-linking. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 29.9 (2003): 1780-1785.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-3350(03)00407-3

>Riboflavin−UVA-induced collagen cross-linking led to an increase in mechanical rigidity in porcine corneas and an even greater increase in human corneas. As collagen cross-linking is maximal in the anterior 300 μm of the cornea, the greater stiffening effect in human corneas can be explained by the relatively larger portion of the cornea being cross-linked in the overall thinner human cornea.

Dotan, Assaf, et al. Scleral cross-linking using riboflavin and ultraviolet-a radiation for prevention of progressive myopia in a rabbit model. Experimental eye research 127 (2014): 190-195.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2014.07.019

Wollensak, Gregor, and Elena Iomdina. Long‐term biomechanical properties of rabbit sclera after collagen crosslinking using riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA). Acta ophthalmologica 87.2 (2009): 193-198.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01229.x

>Our new method of scleral collagen crosslinking proved very effective and constant over a time interval of up to 8 months in increasing the scleral biomechanical strength. Therefore, the new treatment might become an option for strengthening scleral tissue in progressive myopia and other conditions associated with weakened sclera. There were no side‐effects on the retina or retinal pigment epithelium. The new crosslinking treatment could now be tested in a suitable myopia model (like the tree shrew) and finally in human eyes.

>>141496

Part of the reason I only recommend unnaturally high riboflavin doses short term is that it has known interactions with sunlight that are perceived as bad, and some will say to only take at nighttime because of this. Certainly riboflavin can have good effects, and these good effects may also come from interaction from sunlight. I'm just cautious about indefinite usage at a high dose.

Wollensak, Gregor, et al. Endothelial cell damage after riboflavin–ultraviolet-A treatment in the rabbit. Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 29.9 (2003): 1786-1790.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-3350(03)00343-2

>There was no endothelial damage in the 6 rabbit eyes enucleated at 4 hours. In those enucleated at 24 hours, there was significant necrosis and apoptosis of endothelial cells in the corneas treated with an endothelial dose of ≥0.65 J/cm2 (0.36 mW/cm2), which is about twice the endothelial UVA dose used in the treatment of keratoconus patients.

>>141497

One more before I move on to another topic:

Wang, Mengmeng, et al. Safety evaluation of rabbit eyes on scleral collagen cross‐linking by riboflavin and ultraviolet A. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 43.2 (2015): 156-163.

https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12392

>According to the electrophysiological and histopathological results, the current scleral CXL laboratory technique is not safe enough for the postoperative visual function of rabbit eyes.

Disorders of the eye are a well known manifestation of hypothyroidism:

COSTELLO, JOS P. Obesity and ocular symptoms in mentally alert children due to hypothyroidism. Endocrinology 20.1 (1936): 105-106.

https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-20-1-105

>In all thyroid conditions the eyes of the patient show some abnormal condition. In the hyperthyroid we have the exopthalmus and in the hypothyroid child there is usually found myopia with or without astigmatism.

Morrison, Frederick M. Myopia and hypothyroidism. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society 45 (1947): 527.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1315269/

Taurine deficiency could cause myopia. While it can be obtained from diet, at least some is supposed to be made endogenously, but it is still possible to produce a deficiency if its production is inhibited for some reason—perhaps because of a deficiency in other nutrients. Coincidentally, I happened to take this (and riboflavin) around the time my visual acuity improved. I can't say if that's what did the trick. I wasn't trying to improve vision to begin with.

Neuringer, Martha, and J. Sturman. Visual acuity loss ion rhesus monkey infants fed a taurine‐free human infant formula. Journal of neuroscience research 18.4 (1987): 597-601.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.490180413

Neuringer, Martha, et al. Abnormal visual acuity and retinal morphology in rhesus monkeys fed a taurine-free diet during the first three postnatal months. The Biology of Taurine. Springer, Boston, MA, 1987. 125-134.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0405-8_12

While sunlight is important and recommended for health in general, just increasing the amount of light in the environment even if it's artificial could be helpful:

Smith, Earl L., Li-Fang Hung, and Juan Huang. Protective effects of high ambient lighting on the development of form-deprivation myopia in rhesus monkeys. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 53.1 (2012): 421-428.

https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8652

>High ambient lighting retards the development of form-deprivation myopia in monkeys. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the protective effects of outdoor activities against myopia in children are due to exposure to the higher light levels encountered outdoors. It is possible that therapeutic protection against myopia can be achieved by manipulating indoor lighting levels.

Dopamine and serotonin likely inhibit and promote myopia respectively:

Junfeng, Mao, et al. Levodopa inhibits the development of form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs. Optometry and Vision Science 87.1 (2010): 53-60.

https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0b013e3181c12b3d

George, Abigail, Katrina L. Schmid, and David V. Pow. Retinal serotonin, eye growth and myopia development in chick. Experimental eye research 81.5 (2005): 616-625.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2005.03.021

Yang, Ji-Wen, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine level and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA expression in the guinea pigs eyes with spectacle lens-induced myopia. International journal of ophthalmology 3.4 (2010): 299.

https://dx.doi.org/10.3980%2Fj.issn.2222-3959.2010.04.05

What I want to know is if wearing glasses/lenses weakens your eyes in the long run.

>>141514

>What I want to know is if wearing glasses/lenses weakens your eyes in the long run.

What I have seen time and time again is that whenever it is asked if adaptation to a given frequently repeated stimulus can or will occur the human organism (and most life in general) finds some way to do just that. The idea that how a body is used plays a fundamental role in its form and abilities is not only reinforced empirically in a wide variety of contexts but could also be said to be an essential part of the philosophical foundation of communities such as /fit/.

Nevertheless, I don't think that addresses your question in a helpful way. I do think the eyes will adapt in some fashion to whatever situation they endure even if some studies give negative or weak results on such matters; it's just that all endeavors which do not seek the big picture or the root cause of a problem are doomed to be rewarded with confusion and half-truths. For example, if it should happen that two men come to a doctor with broken legs, and the doctor blindly applies the same treatment and nothing else without asking further questions, he is probably not a very good doctor nor very interested in the well being of his patients. Let's say one of the men was hit by a car and the other had a spontaneous fracture due to severe osteoporosis from hypervitaminosis A. Other than the standard care for broken bones, it does not make sense to treat or advise these men in the same fashion. One is to be advised to look both ways before crossing the road and the other is to be advised to start avoiding vitamin A in foods and ceasing its supplementation while perhaps being given things such as vitamin E, vitamin K, taurine, and phosphatidylcholine. If instead the doctor should blindly prescribe a bone strengthening formula to both patients, perhaps the one man will get lucky and the next time he is struck by a car it will only graze him and the slight increase in bone density will have saved him from another broken leg, and perhaps the man suffering from hypervitaminosis A will deteriorate a little more slowly. Neither is saved from their true afflictions, but the doctor received a half-truth that perhaps they just needed more nutrition for their bones.

Maybe the glasses will weaken your eyes a little, and maybe it doesn't matter if they do, because maybe there's a much, much bigger problem that is the true cause of your poor eyesight that makes the wearing of glasses unimportant. Also, it is possible that even if "exercising" the eyes so they are used to looking at things without the assistance of glasses is a helpful stimulus, the eyes won't be able to reverse the degenerative condition from that stimulus alone. Usually, a crippled man does not become crippled because he starts using a cane, but because he first became crippled through other means. It would be senseless and cruel if we blindly put all cripples on squat regimens and stole their canes to strengthen their legs. But in theory if we figured out what made each individual crippled and thoroughly treated those unique individual causes, we would want them to depend less and less on canes for walking eventually. Ultimately I think it's fine to try using progressively less and less powerful lenses if it doesn't inconvenience you and you have no better leads, but stumbling around in the dark is for the blind. For what it's worth, I've seen anecdotes of becoming less dependent on glasses helping improve the condition for some, but they may have randomly changed their lifestyles in other ways that stops promoting poor eyesight and not even realize it.

This answer lacks grounding and feels woefully incomplete without exploring what happens in practice and other factors involved in myopia, so I'll post some more studies next.

>>141526

Here is an example of an eye exercise study:

Shih, Yung Feng, et al. The effects of Qi-Qong ocular exercise on accommodation. The Chinese journal of physiology 38.1 (1995): 35-42.

https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/8549234

>Results showed that Qi-Qong ocular exercise can improve the accommodative amplitude and accelerate the accommodative response slightly, but there was no effect on the latency of accommodative response. Furthermore, the level of accommodative adaptation was elevated, and the pupil became slight miotic. Therefore, the mechanism of visual improvement may undergo a great accommodative adaptation and produce a pinhole effect by miosis of the pupil. Methods of visual training can produce a false image of visual improvement from an enhanced parasympathetic response to a task, but this effect may be a factor that induces progression of myopia.

I don't exactly know what their methods entailed, but that sounds awfully critical. It could be the exercise did some good things, but the participants' eyes continued to degenerate regardless. It would be worrisome if the exercise accelerated that degeneration.

But then again, other research seems to be supporting the idea of using the eyes a certain way to maintain their abilities:

"It was found that the myopic, on the average, had been more interested in reading from childhood onwards, their educational and occupational status were higher, and their body structure was lighter. As children they had taken less physical exercise, but as adults no difference was found in physical exercise between the myopic and non‐myopic."—Pärssinen, et al, 1987

This isn't a new idea though:

"Most authorities agree that close application of the eyes increases the myopia. […] Byers¹ believes that it is dueto a weakness of the scleral coat, either congenital or the result of nutritive disturbances; also to prolonged application of the eyes for close work, such as is entailed by certain occupations or is imposed by the necessities of modern school life. He believes in prevention by exercise, diet and less use of the eyes."—Wiener, 1927

But when put to the test, the results have been lackluster:

"In order to evaluate the effect of far-gazing and eye ball exercise on the prevention and control of myopia progression, a clinical study was conducted.

[…]

After 1½ year, the results were not encouraging."—Lin and Ko, 1988

Others have decided to focus on exercise of the whole body and in general instead of eye exercises:

"''''A number of studies have suggested that participation

in physical endeavors may have a limiting effect on myopia

development and progression [3-7].''

[…]

''In addition, Deere et al. [7] compared physical activity

and refractive error in children and found that myopes spent

significantly less time undertaking moderate to vigorous physical

activity when compared with non-myopic children.''

[…]

'However, the mechanism underlying this negative association

is unclear."—Huang and Rosenfield, 2015'

I caution against giving the mere observational studies too much weight, but they can help fill in holes when more compelling experimental evidence comes to light.

Huang, R., and M. Rosenfield. "The effect of dynamic and isometric exercise on refractive state, accommodation and intra-ocular pressure." Adv Ophthalmol Vis Syst 2.3 (2015): 00047.

Lin, L. L. K., and Ko, L. S. The effect of distance gazing and eye ball exercise on the prevention of myopia progression. Acta Ophthalmologica 66.S185 (1988): 139-140.

Pärssinen, O., et al. Myopia, use of eyes, and living habits among men aged 33–37 years. Acta ophthalmologica 63.4 (1985): 395-400.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1985.tb01551.x

Wiener, Meyer. Epinephrine in progressive myopia. Journal of the American Medical Association 89.8 (1927): 594-596.

https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1927.02690080026010

>>141529

>missing link

Huang, R., and M. Rosenfield. The effect of dynamic and isometric exercise on refractive state, accommodation and intra-ocular pressure. Adv Ophthalmol Vis Syst 2.3 (2015): 00047.

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7be8/9f9b8f04564f35ea1b76496364cedf9f9ba6.pdf

Thanks for your saying. Seriously, I'm ready to do anything to change my condition. That's true though, that I didn't do a lot of sport when young (even though I did outside school in clubs, but my myopia was already going on).

I want to try a method based on "Hormesis", where you wear (if you're as myopic as I'm, -6 each eyes), weaker minus lens, then you force yourself to read/use the computer, between the line of where you can see, to where it's unreadable. There is obviously the Bates method, I'm ready to take some of the exercice, like sungassing, which seem a very good idea, since recent research tend to link myopia and lack of sun light.

I truly, truly think that it's healable, because I still have my eyes. They're not damaged, as far as doctors can tell. The "back of my eye" is still very healthy (i'm 23), as they say. I know that I'm past body devellopment, but I feel that anything I would engage regarding my body is far far easier now, that if I wait.

The major get back myopia is for me is for fighting. I can't do, for exemple, competitive boxing because of my myopia. Even things like fighting in the street becomes problematic. Good eyesight is very very important for any survival situation, any fighting situation.

The Lasik industry, the glasses industry is truly damaging the research, since there is no bucks to do in natural solution, thus "free" solution. It's harder and harder to get public found, so there is little money getting poored in this problem. Maybe in China/Singapoure, since the problem is gigantic here.

God I hate this fucking civilization. Europeans were amazed by the bodies of the american indian, by the body of tribes living beyond the artic circle. Us, the moderns, blind, weak, are just a shadow of what a real man should be, physically (and psychically, not even talking about spirituality). We failed, science has failed doing better than nature, trying to "master" and "dominate" it.

>>141529

Couple more studies for good measure:

Dirani, Mohamed, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. British Journal of Ophthalmology (2009).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2008.150979

>Participants who spent more time outdoors were less likely to be myopic. […] As near work did not predict outdoor activity, this can be viewed as an independent factor and not merely the reciprocal of near work.

Suhr Thykjær, Anne, Kristian Lundberg, and Jakob Grauslund. Physical activity in relation to development and progression of myopia–a systematic review. Acta ophthalmologica 95.7 (2017): 651-659.

https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.13316

>A total of 263 papers were identified in a systematic database search of PubMed/Medline and Embase. […] A consistent relationship between more physical activity and less myopia was observed. […] Evidence suggests that time outdoors remain the most important factor.

Now back to eye exercises again. I found this one a little interesting as they got positive results with their methods. They did a six week program. The link contains the whole paper, so you could copy their methods if it seems worthwhile. I think a problem with a lot of myopia research is that it is overwhelmingly based in China and East Asia, because there's pretty much an epidemic happening there. It is possible that the Chinese may have their own uniquely oppressive environment against eye health that sabotages all attempts to overcome myopia even with methods that should work in saner surroundings. I find it interesting that when an eye exercise program worked it happened in Saudi Arabia.

Mohamed, Samia A. Abdel Rahman. Vision Therapy-Based Program for Myopia Control in Adolescents. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 13.3 (2013): 390-396.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Samia_Abdel_rahman/publication/236082719_Vision_Therapy-Based_Program_for_Myopia_Control_in_Adolescents/links/0deec515f2c4c39f6c000000/Vision-Therapy-Based-Program-for-Myopia-Control-in-Adolescents.pdf

Some intriguing statements from the paper:

"Studies have been applied to investigate the effect of different interventions in slowing the progression of myopia in children and adolescents [3,28,29]. They studied the effectiveness of bifocal spectacles, cycloplegic drops, intraocular pressure-lowering drugs, muscarinic receptor antagonists and contact lenses to control progression of myopia and stated that most therapies for myopia have small treatment benefits that last for a relatively short period of time or have significant side effects. Few studies examined the effect of VT in myopia control [17,30,31].

Eye exercises for natural vision correction are oftencredited with the work of a man named William H. Bates, who was an ophthalmologist in the early 1900s. The method he invented was called the Bates Method. He theorized that the cause of farsightedness and nearsightedness was tension. Therefore, relaxation techniques could reverse the problems. As the eyes relaxed, they would return to their normal function [32]."

The talk of tension reminds me of the serotonin findings I posted earlier in the thread. I see serotonin as a source of tension wherever it goes in the body, and it is interesting that it has experimental associations with myopia. Serotonin is made from tryptophan, and tryptophan deficiency does indeed lower serotonin levels, (Culley, 1963) but tryptophan is an essential amino acid which should not be completely absent from the diet. Riboflavin is made relevant again as are other nutrients, because tryptophan can become niacin (vitamin B3) instead of serotonin with their help. Riboflavin deficiency also inhibits serotonin's degradation. (Wiseman-Distler and Sourkes, 1963)

"Several vitamins and minerals are necessary for the conversion of tryptophan to niacin, including iron, copper, and vitamins B2 (riboflavin) and B6 (pyridoxine). Deficiency of vitamin B6 may result in secondary niacin deficiency.¹¹¹"—(Dhawan and Goodman, 2014)

Culley, W. J., et al. Effect of a tryptophan deficient diet on brain serotonin and plasma tryptophan level. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 113.3 (1963): 645-648.

https://doi.org/10.3181%2F00379727-113-28451

Dhawan, Priya S., and Brent P. Goodman. Neurologic manifestations of nutritional disorders. Aminoff's Neurology and General Medicine (Fifth Edition). 2014. 273-290.

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407710-2.00015-1

Wiseman-Distler, M. H., and T. L. Sourkes. The role of riboflavin in monoamine oxidase activity. Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology 41.1 (1963): 57-64.

https://doi.org/10.1139/o63-008

>>141535

If you decide to supplement riboflavin (vitamin B2) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6) in order to lower serotonin, it is important to note that while riboflavin is generally regarded as safe in most contexts, pyridoxine must be dosed with greater care.

"Pyridoxine toxicity is a recognised cause of sensory neuropathy. Schaumburg et al described sensory neuropathy after pyridoxine misuse in 1983.¹ It can occur with chronic use of pyridoxine supplementation over several years, and also with acute over‐dosage with parenteral pyridoxine.²"—Silva and D'Cruz, 2006

Silva, C. D., and D. P. D'Cruz. Pyridoxine toxicity courtesy of your local health food store. Annals of the rheumatic diseases 65.12 (2006): 1666.

https://dx.doi.org/10.1136%2Fard.2006.054213

Consider orthokeratology. Search for "ortho-k". They are contact lenses that you wear while sleeping. They reshape your cornea and you wear nothing during the day.

>>141537

Because I showed earlier that taurine deficiency can play a role in myopia, I will now elaborate and look for more clues on the matter.

"''The regeneration of explants prepared from goldfish retinas with a prior crush of the optic nerve is stimulated by the sulphur amino acid, taurine. […] In the present work we evaluated the effect of serotonin and some serotonergic agonists on the neuritic outgrowth from goldfish retinal explants. Serotonin […] inhibited the outgrowth. […] The trophic effect of taurine was impaired by a low concentration of serotonin, probably by opposing the final effect on growth via different targets.—Lima and Urbina, 1994*

*See also: Matus, Cubillos, and Lima, 1997.

So taurine stimulates growth in the retina, and serotonin inhibits this effect of taurine. I suppose this type of growing of the retina could be important to preventing taurine deficiency myopia, but it's hard to say for sure without knowing more about taurine or finding a study that puts it exactly in those words. It certainly seems to be doing something in the retina. (Gaucher, 2012) In a high serotonin environment, one might imagine supplementing extra taurine or increasing its endogenous synthesis in order to overcome the situation as a potential therapy.

Given the importance of light in preventing myopia, I find this interesting:

"Taurine was the only amino acid released in high quantities from retina after light stimulation."—Pasantes-Morales, 1974

What's more is that taurine could exert a serotonin lowering effect by stimulating N-acetyltransferase activity thereby helping to prevent serotonin-induced myopia:

"Pineal glands convert [3H]tryptophan to [3H]N-acetylserotonin and [3H]-melatonin in organ culture. Taurine treatment increases the rate of production of these compounds 40- and 25-fold respectively by stimulating the activity of N-acetyltransferase."—Wheler, Weller, and Klein, 1979

To make it more interesting the increased melatonin could be doing good things (or at least something less bad or different):

"deprivation myopia was slightly reduced in both eyes after unilateral intravitreal injection of melatonin, despite that deprivation myopia is based on a mechanism intrinsic to the eye."—Hoffman and Schaeffel, 1996

But it's not so simple:

Kearney, Stephanie, et al. Myopes have significantly higher serum melatonin concentrations than non‐myopes. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 37.5 (2017): 557-567.

https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.12396

Hoffman and Schaeffel found melatonin to do something "good" in that limited context, but there is reason to believe that balance arising from a diurnal rhythm is important to normality:

"[Melatonin (Mel)] concentrations are greatest during the night and [dopamine (DA)] concentrations are greatest during the day. […] Mel and DA form a mutual inhibitory relationship whereby Mel negatively influences DA release in both neural and ocular tissue, including the retina. Previous reports have explored the role of Mel and DA in animal models of myopia. Lower retinal DA concentrations are reported in experimental chick myopia.46-48 Stone et al48 demonstrate that DA retinal synthesis is reduced in one‐day old form deprived chick eyes and the authors propose that DA may contribute to the regulation of emmetropization and normal ocular growth."—Kearney, 2017

And it would seem part of the imbalance experienced by actual human myopes in practice can be too much melatonin (and likely too little dopamine) probably because of frequently doing things like rarely going outside in the daytime or having poor indoor ambient lighting. But taurine seemed like such a sure, safe bet until now. Will it put myopes further out of balance? Well, taurine increases dopamine too, (de Yebenes Prous, Carlsson, and Gomez, 1978; Ericson, 2006) so I find it unlikely provided doses are sane. It would also seem protective based on what I have covered thus far and a multitude of studies far too numerous for me to list here. Here's a couple though: (Di Leo, et al, 2002; Bucolo, et al 2018)

Furthermore it would seem to attenuate a modern lifestyle:

"The results suggest that taurine supplementation alleviates visual fatigue induced by [visual display terminal] work."—Zhang, 2004

>>141545

References

Bucolo, Claudio, et al. Antioxidant and osmoprotecting activity of taurine in dry eye models. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 34.1-2 (2018): 188-194.

https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2017.0008

de Yebenes Prous, J. Garcia, A. Carlsson, and MA Mena Gomez. The effect of taurine on motor behaviour, body temperature and monoamine metabolism in rat brain. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 304.2 (1978): 95-99.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00495544

Di Leo, M., et al. Chronic taurine supplementation ameliorates oxidative stress and Na+ K+ ATPase impairment in the retina of diabetic rats. Amino acids 23.4 (2002): 401-406.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-002-0202-2

Ericson, Mia, et al. Taurine elevates dopamine levels in the rat nucleus accumbens; antagonism by strychnine. European Journal of Neuroscience 23.12 (2006): 3225-3229.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04868.x

Gaucher, David, et al. Taurine deficiency damages retinal neurones: cone photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells. Amino acids 43.5 (2012): 1979-1993.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-012-1273-3

Hoffmann, Michael, and Frank Schaeffel. Melatonin and deprivation myopia in chickens. Neurochemistry international 28.1 (1996): 95-107.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(95)00050-I

Lima, L., P. Matus, and M. Urbina. Serotonin inhibits outgrowth of goldfish retina and impairs the trophic effect of taurine. Journal of neuroscience research 38.4 (1994): 444-450.

https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.490380410

Matus, P., S. Cubillos, and L. Lima. Differential effect of taurine and serotonin on the outgrowth from explants or isolated cells of the retina. International journal of developmental neuroscience 15.6 (1997): 785-793.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5748(97)00018-X

Pasantes-Morales, H., et al. The effect of electrical stimulation, light and amino acids on the efflux of 35 S-taurine from the retina of domestic fowl. Experimental brain research 19.2 (1974): 131-141.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00238530

Wheler, G. H. T., J. L. Weller, and D. C. Klein. Taurine: stimulation of pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin production via a beta-adrenergic mechanism. Brain research 166.1 (1979): 65-74.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(79)90650-4

Zhang, M., et al. Effects of taurine supplementation on VDT work induced visual stress. Amino acids 26.1 (2004): 59-63.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-003-0032-x

Thanks a lot for all of these research.

There is a lot of different solution, which seem to be tied to different type of myopia.

What would your recommend, as a way to touch "wide"? riboflavin? taurine?

I seriously wonder if simply going outside a lot would actually have any effect… Maybe should I remove my glasses when doing so? That's certain, I don't go outside a lot, sometime I don't go out for a long time, during holidays. But if I decide to at least go out for 3 hours a day, everyday, even in holidays, I seriously wonder if there's going to be any effect…

I plan to do a lot of sports in the coming year, do you advice to take out the glasses when I do them? (during running for example)