>>791534
Umm, the technical answer is nothing, and much less so in the case of Athens. If there ever was a city in Greece with a comparable mindset to the Israelites, it would be the Spartans.
>Both Sparta and Israel had a strong legal ethic
>Both were deeply religious communities
>Neither produced high art
>Both had a disdain for materialistic behaviour
>Duty-bound ethos
>Maccabean Israel had good diplomatic relations with Sparta
In short, Athens has nothing to do with Jerusalem. Athens in it's day was nearly as crass and materialistic as Corinth. Plato, Socrates and other pro-Spartan Athenians like Thucydides all take turns deriding Athens for politically motivated stupidity. Athens was the America of her day; civic oriented but with a serious case of freedom induced retardation.
Prominent Athenians whose memory was preserved and highly esteemed by later Romans and Christians tended to be conservative, pro-Spartan people like Socrates, Plato, Thucydides, and Aristotle, not pro-Athenian Sophists like Protagoras and Gorgias. Invariably, the 18th century philosophes of France like Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesqieu, and even Thomas Paine in America, had to work diligently to obscure the overarching right-wing attitudes of the most prominent Ancient thinkers in order to further their revolutionary goals. Oddly therefore, the "Enlightenment" philosophers push the relativism that you find in the mouths of the Sophists, such as Gorgias, who said that he could not know if gods existed or not, owing to the obscurity of the subject and the shortness of men's lives. Socrates however is certain of the existence of God as he makes abundantly clear throughout his dialogues, especially the Apology and the Crito.
Plato also in the Republic describes an idealized form of the Spartan constitution, i.e. an Aristocratic and Oligarchic Kingship where personal talent is rewarded with political power, the stupid cannot vote and there is a philosopher-king in control.
So the only thing Athens and Jerusalem both have in common is that in both cities, you were part of the cool kids if you liked Sparta.