>>592438
Not him, but a fellow mathematician. Python is good if you want to be able to whip up a small script and get something done quick & dirty. A good everyday language, it allows you to go from throwaway scripts to pretty powerful scripts. Just don't try to stretch it beyond what it reasonable.
Since you are a mathematician you should look into one of functional programming languages. Their deal is that functions are first-class objects: you can pass them as arguments to other functions, return new functions as results and compose them. I have been reading "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs" (SICP), it's a must-read and they use Scheme. The book is free, and there is a very nicely typeset version:
https://sicpebook.wordpress.com/
I should warn you however that Scheme is just an academic toy (more appropriately a scam by MIT to get you to pay tuition), you will never write anything useful in the Real World with pure Scheme. That is why pretty much every Scheme implementation adds their own extensions to actually make it useful, the only problem is that each one does its own thing and in the end each one is a language on its own. If you want a Scheme that is actually useful look for Racket:
http://racket-lang.org/
They have lots of libraries and a good ecosystem. It's a lot like Python it that regard. Two more interesting Schemes are GNU Guile (official extension language of the GNU operating system) and Chibi Scheme (best for embedding in other programs rather than running on its own).
I should also mention Haskell and the ML family. I don't have experience with those, but I know that OCaml is being used in the industry.
https://ocaml.org/
Haskell takes purity (no mutation of data and no side effects) very seriously while OCaml is less anal about it. You can write pure code, but you don't have to jump through hoops if you want to be impure.