Eh, I guess I'm not as lazy as yesterday.
>What would be a good radio frequency for point-to-point transmission of data without needing to go through the FCC?
>My guess would be the unlicensed microwave frequencies, but that's not good for transmitting through weather. Is there something near AM that could use the magnetic portion of a radio wave to transmit digital data legally like how AM does? The idea of a high-gain loop antenna on top of a pole for sending/receiving digital data seems intriguing.
You could try using the PMR 446 band with a 500mW transmitter, that's the band for cheap unlicensed walkie-talkies, and the 500mW is the transmission limit in that band, in a good day(at night) it can get some incredible distances.
>Have any of you guys built your own radios? If so, what kit did you use and how good was it?
Nope.
Does increasing antenna length or size do anything to affect the gain of said antenna or is it more complicated than just adding more metal?
the antenna size is determined by the band you're trying to use, by the wavelength, you're going to gain the most by having a full wavelength antenna, but depending on the frequency you're using, it's going to escalate very quickly, so most antennas are a harmonic fraction (a quarter, an eighth) of the full wavelength or a fractal.
Really, any piece of wire can recieve any frequency, but if it's length is an harmonic of the frequency it's going to have a noticeable gain on that particular band.
But you should be careful of adding more gain without thinking about it as it also makes the noise floor higher.
>What amplification kits exist that could be used for boosting signals coming from an antenna?
All of them
Wideband amplification? no problem.
Single band amplification? yep.
Single channel amplification? of course.