>>700374
>Is Syriac synonymous with Aramaic?
Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic. It originated in Syria in the 1st century A.D.
>Is it also the same as 'Chaldean' or 'Assyrian' that you might sometimes read that theologians in the past studied?
Chaldean and Assyrian are both dialects of Aramaic as well, although they're both much more recent dialects than Syriac. Both dialects are extremely similar and did indeed take some influence from the Syriac dialect.
>I have heard that Aramaic is similar to Hebrew as they both belong to the same family of languages. How similar are they?
Yes, Hebrew and Aramaic are Semitic languages so they are very much related. Hebrew is considered a Canaanite Semitic language whereas Aramaic originated in the region of Syria. Aramaic did have heavy influence on Biblical Hebrew and this is because of contact with the Assyrians and the later Persians who adopted it as a lingua franca in their Empire. Hebrew even dropped it's original Phonecian script in favor of the original "blocky" Aramaic script and today Hebrew still uses the original Aramaic script and the current Syriac script that Aramaic now uses was just an variation of the original Aramaic script that originated in 1st century A.D. Syria. There are a host of other Semitic languages including Arabic, Maltese, Ge'ez, Amharic, and others all related to Hebrew and Aramaic.