>>900164 (OP)
>What programs can I use to accessibly monitor my internet traffic?
wireshark (among others)
>How the fuck can I, someone who doesn't know how to handle anything at the data-level, understand wireshark?
practice, tutorials, books
>Is wireshark necessary? If so, how did you begin to understand it?
perhaps not. get glasswire (assuming winblows). its also a firewall. NOTE: this only monitors what's going in and out of your specific PC iirc, not the whole network
>How do I avoid false positives and jumping at the wind?
experience. are you already using umatrix? if not, learn it. have you already figured out how to properly configure a firewall? if not, learn it. knowing these will help when you start attempting to identify particular packets
>What other programs can I use to protect myself from potential botnets?
all you really need is an antivirus and a properly configured firewall, they say. you should also harden your OS and your browser
but, most of all, what you really need to do is INSTALL GENTOO:^)