Some basic questions that we can talk about
1. What is the best cipher, and which modes are the best for what? How would you cascade multiple ciphers?
2. Which hash is the fastest, or the most useful?
3. Is it possible to combine hashes to prevent both pre-image attacks and collision attacks?
1. CBC is best for decryption-heavy operations, XTS is best for encryption-heavy operations
AES, Serpent, Twofish, Camellia mix-and match. Most secure cipher closest to the plaintext, weakest cipher at the outer layer.
2. KangarooTwelve > BLAKE2 > SHA384/512 > Skein512 and BLAKE512 > SHAKE128 > BLAKE256 > SKEIN1024 > SHA3-256 and SHAKE256 > SHA256
(sauce: https://bench.cr.yp.to/results-sha3.html)